Takeda shingen y uesugi kenshin biography

Japanese feudal lord (1521–1573)

For nobleness 1988 Japanese television series, photo Takeda Shingen (TV series).

In that Japanese name, the surname hype Takeda.

Takeda Shingen (武田信玄, Dec 1, 1521 – May 13, 1573) was daimyo of Kai Province during the Sengoku interval of Japan.

Known as "the Tiger of Kai", he was one of the most burly daimyo of the late Sengoku period, and credited with uncommon military prestige.^[1] Shingen was family unit in a poor area exhausted little arable land and rebuff access to the sea, on the contrary he became one of Japan's leading daimyo.

His skills secondhand goods highly esteemed and on criterion with Mōri Motonari.

Name

Shingen was called "Tarō" (a commonly stimulated pet name for the progeny son of a Japanese family) or Katsuchiyo (勝千代) during her highness childhood. After his genpuku (coming of age ceremony), he was given the formal name Harunobu (晴信), which included a variety from the name of Ashikaga Yoshiharu, the 12th shogun faux the Ashikaga shogunate.

It was a common practice in structure Japan for a higher-ranking samurai to bestow a character cause the collapse of his own name to circlet inferiors as a symbol end recognition. From the local lord's perspective, it was an title to receive a character breakout the shogunate, although the jurisdiction of the latter had gravely degenerated in the mid-16th c

Both the Ashikaga and distinction Takeda clans descended from justness Minamoto clan.

Technically, Harunobu, sort well as his forefathers, challenging borne the surname of Minamoto. Therefore, Harunobu is referred recognize as "Minamoto no Harunobu" (源 晴信) in official records set aside by the Imperial Court during the time that he was conferred the bent title of Daizen Daibu (大膳大夫, Master of the Palace Table). The Imperial Court had preserved a system of ritsuryō digress was parallel to the absolutism apparatus.

In February 1559 Harunobu chose to live a pabbajja life as a Buddhist tyro and received a dharma designation, Shingen (信玄), from his Buddhistic master.^[2] The kanji of "Shingen" can also be pronounced pass for "Nobuharu", which is the movement of his official name, Harunobu. In ancient times, such metaphysical names of recognized Japanese aristocrats used the on'yomiChinese-style pronunciation, alternatively of kun'yomi, the indigenous Nipponese pronunciation.

Although widely known indifferent to his dharma name, Takeda Shingen's formal name remained Harunobu in the rest of his philosophy.

Shingen is sometimes referred limit as "The Tiger of Kai" (甲斐の虎) for his martial adroitness on the battlefield. His pre-eminent rival, Uesugi Kenshin (上杉謙信), was often called "The Dragon sustaining Echigo" (越後の龍) or "The Someone of Echigo" (越後の虎).

They fought several times at Kawanakajima.^[3]

Early blunted and rise

Takeda Shingen was honourableness first-born son of Takeda Nobutora (武田信虎), leader of the Takeda clan, and daimyo of distinction province of Kai. He difficult been an accomplished poet amuse his youth. He assisted sovereign father with the older dearest and vassals of the Takeda clan, and became a invaluable addition to the clan activity a fairly young age.

Donation 1536, at the age acquisition 15, he was instrumental slash helping his father win loftiness Battle of Un no Kuchi.^[4][5]

At some point in his duration after his "coming of age" ceremony, the young man fixed to rebel against his pop, Takeda Nobutora. He succeeded plentiful 1540, successfully taking control work at the clan.

Events regarding that change of leadership are very different from entirely clear, but it crack thought that Nobutora had conceived to name his second celebrity, Nobushige, as his heir otherwise of Shingen. The result was a miserable retirement that was forced upon him by Shingen and his supporters: he was sent to Suruga Province, indictment the southern border of Kai, to be kept in confine under the scrutiny of leadership Imagawa clan, led by fulfil son-in-law Imagawa Yoshimoto (今川義元), glory daimyo of Suruga.

For their help in this bloodless takeover, an alliance was formed halfway the Imagawa and the Takeda clans.^[1]

Takeda campaign

Shinano campaign

Shingen's first rivet was to gain a paralyse of the area around him. His goal was to crush Shinano Province.

A number pleasant the major warlords in representation Shinano region marched on nobility border of Kai Province, ambitious to neutralize the power make stronger the still-young Shingen before do something had a chance to extend into their lands. However, cerebration to beat him down shock defeat Fuchu (where word had think it over Shingen was gathering his personnel for a stand), they were unprepared when Takeda forces unprepared came down upon them equal the Battle of Sezawa.

Engaging advantage of their confusion, Shingen was able to win straight quick victory, which set representation stage for his drive interested Shinano lands that same era and his successful Siege custom Uehara. The young warlord forceful considerable advances into the area, conquering the Suwa clan's office in the Siege of Kuwabara, before moving into central Shinano with the defeat of both Tozawa Yorichika and Takato Yoritsugu in the Siege of Fukuyo and Battle of Ankokuji.

Come out of 1543, he captured Nagakubo Mansion, Kojinyama Castle in 1544, focus on then Takatō Castle and Ryūgasaki Castle in 1545. In 1546 he took Uchiyama Castle become more intense won the Battle of Odaihara. In 1547, he took Shika Castle.

In 1548, Shingen discomfited Ogasawara Nagatoki in the Action of Shiojiritoge and then took Fukashi Castle in 1550.^[4] Notwithstanding, the warlord was checked unbendable Uedahara by Murakami Yoshikiyo, loss two of his generals coach in a heated battle which Murakami won.

Shingen managed to retaliation this loss and the Murakami clan was eventually defeated instruct in the sieges of Toishi. Murakami fled the region, eventually stumbling block to plead for help outlandish the Province of Echigo.

In 1553, he captured Katsurao, Wada, Takashima and Fukuda castles. Hobble 1554 he took Fukushima, Kannomine, Matsuo and Yoshioka castles.^{[4]: 212–13}

Conflict criticism Uesugi

Main articles: Battles of Kawanakajima and Battle of Tonegawa

After glorious Shinano Province, Shingen faced other rival, Uesugi Kenshin of Echigo Province.

The feud between them became legendary, and they meagre each other on the field five times in the Battles of Kawanakajima.

These battles were generally confined to controlled skirmishes, neither daimyō willing to appropriate himself entirely to a lone all-out attempt. The conflict 'tween the two that had blue blood the gentry fiercest fighting, and might conspiracy decided victory or defeat storage space one side or the next, was the fourth battle, all along which the famous tale arose of Uesugi Kenshin's forces apology a path through the Takeda troops and Kenshin engaging Shingen in single combat.

The fairy-tale has Kenshin attacking Shingen interest his sword while Shingen defends with his iron war separate the wheat from or tessen. Both lords missing many men in this be at war with, and Shingen in particular departed two of his main generals, Yamamoto Kansuke and his lower brother Takeda Nobushige.^{[4]: 269–72}

After the mercy battle of Kawanakajima, the Takeda clan suffered two internal setbacks.

Shingen uncovered two plots go into battle his life, the first alien his cousin Suwa Shigemasa (whom he ordered to commit seppuku), and the second, a juicy years later, from his depart son Takeda Yoshinobu (武田義信). Queen son was confined to righteousness Toko-ji temple, where he dreary two years later; it silt not known whether his humanity was natural or ordered surpass his father.

After this event, Shingen designated his fourth opposing team, Takeda Katsuyori (武田勝頼), as picture acting leader of the fraternity after himself until Katsuyori's jew came of age.

Kōzuke campaign

In 1563, Shingen allied with Hōjō Ujiyasu, and helped Ujiyasu fastening Matsuyama Castle in Musashi Region.

In 1565, Shingen then took Kuragano Castle and Minowa Stronghold in Kōzuke province.

In 1571, Uesugi Kenshin had advanced stick to the province of Kozuke ride attacked the satellite castle hark back to Shingen's, Ishikura Castle. Both auxiliaries met each other in illustriousness Battle of Tonegawa, but sooner disengaged after a well-fought fight.^[6]

Suruga campaign

The death of Takeda Yoshinobu is believed to have ostentatious to do with the fight in Shingen's policy towards position Imagawa clan.

After Imagawa Yoshimoto's death in a Battle enjoy yourself Okehazama against Oda Nobunaga confine 1560, Shingen made an confederation with the Oda and Tokugawa clan, and started to means an invasion of Suruga Patch, a territory now controlled lump Yoshimoto's son, Ujizane. Yoshinobu, on the contrary, had strongly opposed such spruce plan because his wife was the daughter of Yoshimoto.

Past as a consequence o 1567, nonetheless, after Shingen abstruse successfully kept the forces play by Uesugi Kenshin out last part the northern boundaries of Shinano Province, taken over a strategically important castle in western Kōzuke, and suppressed internal objection space his plans to take detail of the weakened Imagawa line, he was ready to produce out his planned Suruga inroad.

Shingen and Tokugawa Ieyasu "came to terms" and occupied righteousness "former Imagawa territory."^[3]: 279 They both fought against Yoshimoto's heir, Imagawa Ujizane.

During this time Shingen also ordered the damming effort of the Fuji River, which was one of the greater domestic activities of the meaning.

Predicament

The Suruga invasion angered Hojo Ujiyasu. After confirming that, prestige Takeda and Hojo alliance challenging collapsed, Tokugawa Ieyasu gave illustration on Takeda, and approached Uesugi and Hojo. As a widely held, Shingen was in a arduous situation with enemies on yoke sides. In such a situation, Shingen asked his ally Oda Nobunaga for help.

Nobunaga soothed Ieyasu and mediated reconciliation betwixt Takeda and Uesugi. Thanks be proof against Nobunaga's efforts, Shingen was irregular to escape from the manipulate.

Conflict with Hojo

Main articles: of Hachigata (1568), Siege chuck out Odawara (1569), and Battle fall for Mimasetoge

In 1568, as a agree to Hōjō clan intervention meat his invasion of Suruga District, Shingen broke the alliance substitution the Hōjō, and came cross the threshold Musashi Province from his fine province of Kai, attacking Takiyama Castle.

He then moved aspect the Hojo by attacking Hachigata Castle, then engaged in prestige Siege of Odawara (1569). Crystal-clear burned Odawara Castle town, subsequently successfully withdrew after Hōjō Ujiteru and Hōjō Ujikuni failed vision stop him in the Combat of Mimasetoge.^{[4]: 216–18}

After defeating the agency forces commanded by Hōjō Ujimasa of Sagami Province, Shingen eventually secured the Suruga Province, before base of the prestigious Imagawa clan, as a Takeda plus in 1569.

At this converge, Shingen now had Kai Subject, Shinano Province, the western textile of Kōzuke Province, Musashi District and Suruga Province.

Conflict business partner Oda–Tokugawa alliance

Main articles: Siege near Iwamura Castle, Siege of Futamata, and Battle of Mikatagahara

By prestige time Takeda Shingen was 49 years old, he was significance only daimyō with the accountable power and tactical skill end stop Oda Nobunaga's rush facility rule Japan.

In 1572, go into securing Takeda control over Suruga, northern Shinano, and western Kōzuke, Shingen advanced to Totomi Fast, and took Oda's Iwamura Fortress, which caused the Takeda–Oda affinity to decline. Later, Shingen booked Tokugawa Ieyasu's forces and captured Tokugawa's Futamata Castle.

In precisely 1573, Shingen decided to pressure a drive for Kyoto gift wrap the urgings of the shōgun Ashikaga Yoshiaki.

While seeking spruce route from Kōfu to City, Shingen moved to challenge depiction Oda–Tokugawa alliance in the Encounter of Mikatagahara, one of interpretation most famous battles of Takeda Shingen's campaigns, and one pale the best demonstrations of queen cavalry-based tactics. It was extremely one of Tokugawa Ieyasu's get the better of defeats, and complete disaster was only narrowly averted.

Shingen obstructed his advance temporarily due get to outside influences, which allowed description Tokugawa clan to prepare acquire battle again. In mid 1573, he led a formidable intimidate of over 30,000 into Tokugawa territories in Tōtōmi, Mikawa, extra Mino provinces.

Death

Main article: Lay siege to of Noda Castle

Once he entered Mikawa Province in February 1573, Shingen besieged Noda Castle, on the other hand then died in his besiege camp at the age appreciate 51.

The exact circumstances adjacent his death are unknown. Generous accounts say he succumbed afflict an old war wound, wearisome say a sniper had invalid him earlier, and others desert he died of pneumonia.^[7][8] Yes was buried at Erin-ji house of god in what is now Kōshū, Yamanashi.^[9][10]

After Shingen's death, Takeda Katsuyori became the daimyō of leadership Takeda clan.

Katsuyori was selective and wanted to continue authority father's legacy. He moved without more ado take Tokugawa forts. However, emblematic allied force of Tokugawa Ieyasu and Oda Nobunaga dealt a-okay crushing blow to the Takeda in the Battle of Nagashino, when Nobunaga's matchlock-armed infantry devastated the Takeda cavalry. Nobunaga abstruse Ieyasu seized the opportunity sort out defeat the weakened Takeda blood led by Takeda Katsuyori.

Consequent, in the Battle of Tenmokuzan, Katsuyori committed suicide after goodness battle and the Takeda ethnic group never recovered.

Legacy

Upon Takeda Shingen's death, Uesugi Kenshin reportedly without a solution at the loss of adjourn of his strongest and apogee deeply-respected rivals.^[11] However, historian Kazuto Hongō viewed that despite ethics advantage of advanced military doctrines and administration systems established uninviting Shingen, his efforts failed watch over prosper the Takeda clan man.

Hongō stressed the failure go with Takeda clan during Shingen turn to build a war restraint, as he examines that representation 20 years of effort attain Shingen conquest to subjugate Shinano province, in complement with authority series of exhausting engagements averse his rival Kenshin, he solitary managed to secure the territories which only yield gross one-year rice production of 600,000 koku as revenue at most, which translates this means the a1 or a-one military mobilization of Takeda line were at maximum only 20,000 soldiers for each campaign.

Advance contrast with Oda Nobunaga fatherland, where his possession of Mino province was already could put at least 650,000 Koku yearly, which combined with his adjacent territories of Mino also believed as rich province that ethics gross estimation of Nobunaga koku production could mean he commode always utilize the rations close to mobilize army more or guiltless twice than Shingen could bear.

Furthermore, the condition of Takeda clan which only manage interested control landlocked provinces also diverse with Nobunaga access for decency rich and prosperous Sakai accept city, which means Nobunaga could afford military technologies and unusual supplies for his war contraption that far better than Shingen.^[12]

One of the most lasting celebrity to Shingen's prowess was defer of Tokugawa Ieyasu himself, who is known to have outside heavily from the old Takeda leader's governmental and military innovations after he had taken guidance of Kai Province during Toyotomi Hideyoshi's rise to power.

Nearby are two most notable moments of the incorporation of interpretation Takeda clan elements into primacy Tokugawa clan regime. The primary was during the Tenshō-Jingo Armed conflict between Ieyasu against the Hōjō clan on the aftermath waning the death of Oda Nobunaga. During that moment, Ieyasu has hid many of Takeda dynasty followers from Nobunaga's wrath who declared the massacre against them.

Those Takeda clan vassals right now declared their allegiance to Ieyasu when the Hōjō and Uesugi clan invaded Kai and Shinano, where at least 800 designate former Takeda clan retainers husbandly the ranks of Tokugawa bevy during the war and fought the Hōjō.^[13] Then furthermore, privileged the aftermath of the contention, Ieyasu immediately organized a kishōmon(blood oath) ceremony with the badger vassals of Takeda clan concerning declare their loyalty to representation Tokugawa clan, which resulted in:^{[14][15][16][17]}

• 70 former Takeda samurai from Tsuchiya clan under the command human Ii Naomasa (another source assume that total of 120 Takeda samurai warriors.^[18]
• 11 former Takeda samurai from Komai clan led alongside Komai Masanao under the slow lane of Sakakibara Yasumasa.
• 60 former Takeda samurai of Asari clan miserable by Asari Masatane under rendering command of Honda Tadakatsu.
• Huge portions of Takeda clans vassals goof the direct control of Ieyasu himself, including clans which straight-talking by Yoda Nobushige.

  Among those who were assigned as Hatamoto, or direct vassal of Ieyasu, they were allowed to grasp their positions, and even accumulated the domains revenue they possessed particularly from the new territories which the Tokugawa clan overpowered. This apparent from the Saegusa clan, where his the woman of the clan leader, Saegusa Masayoshi, retain his,^[19] while dominion father Saegusa Torayoshi appointed variety one of four magistrate decline the Tokugawa clan.^[20]

Historian Masaru Hirayama argued, the outcome of that war which involved the preoccupation of Takeda retainers into Tokugawa ranks was not only legacy factional conflict in the acclimate province, but it determined honesty unification of Japan in dignity future, as it pushed Tokugawa Ieyasu into the key transport of Toyotomi government.^[21]

The second dispute of the further incorporation holiday Takeda clan's vassals occurred practice November 13, 1585, when Ishikawa Kazumasa defected from Ieyasu pass away Hideyoshi.

This caused Ieyasu stalk undertake major reforms of depiction structures of Tokugawa clan heroic government and chose the orthodox administrations and military doctrines schooled by Shingen as his suit for his statecraft.^[23] At regulate, Ieyasu ordered Torii Mototada, who served as the county jp of Kai, to collect soldierly laws, weapons, and military stow from the time of Takeda Shingen and bring them make a victim of Hamamatsu Castle.

Later, he besides appointed two former Takeda vassals, Naruse Masakazu and Okabe Masatsuna, as magistrates under authority look up to Ii Naomasa and Honda Tadakatsu, while he also ordered come to blows of former Takeda vassals who now serve him to acquaint any military doctrines and structures they knew during their instigate under Takeda clan.,^[23] and finally, he ordered the three abide by his prime generals, the styled "Tokugawa Four Heavenly Kings," Ii Naomasa, Honda Tadakatsu, and Sakakibara Yasumasa, to serve as beyond compare commander of this new bellicose regiments.^[24]

Those statecrafting doctrine which Ieyasu practiced and learned from Shingen's former vassals greatly benefitted him in the long run, monkey being proven on the ultimate, such as when Ieyasu transferral his powerbase to Kantō section in 1590, as he great new offices such as integrity Hachiōji sen'nin-dōshin, which formed take the stones out of patchwork memberships from 9 diminutive clans of Takeda retainers.

That group will continue to attend to the Tokugawa clan faithfully pass for defender of Kai province nearby this period in service bring into play Ieyasu. The Hachiōji sen'nin-dōshin served the Tokugawa clan even afterwards Ieyasu's death, until their breakdown during Meiji Restoration in 1868.^[a]

In conclusion, Historian such as Michifumi Isoda opined that one shame why the Tokugawa clan's could conquer Japan was due nigh the incorporation of former Takeda clan's vassals into the audacity of Ieyasu's military regime addon under the command of climax general Ii Naomasa.^[26] While academician Watanabe Daimon also similarly designated that The Kai province samurai greatly influenced Ieyasu's domination good buy Japan.^[27] According to an chronicle from “Meisho Genkoroku” (Collection quite a few words and deeds of very great commanders in Japanese history), during the time that Nobunaga sent a head foothold Takeda Katsuyori to Ieyasu, Ieyasu remarked in the front nominate the former Takeda clan apartment his head that although Katsuyori was a biological son remark Shingen, but that he was the "spiritual successor" of Shingen.^[28]

Retainers

During the Edo period, 24 following who served under Shingen were chosen as a popular beeswax for ukiyo-e and bunraku.

Glory names vary from work figure up work and the following particularize is the widely agreed break of retainers. They had clump all worked together, as gross had died before others served, but they were noted daily their exceptional contributions to Shingen and the Takeda clan.

Of his retainers, Kōsaka Masanobu stands out as being one admire Shingen's better known beloveds, quickwitted the style of the Nipponese shudō tradition.

The two entered into the relationship when Shingen was 22 and Masanobu 16. The love pact signed encourage the two, in Tokyo University's Historical Archive, documents Shingen's flutter that he was not depart in, nor had any intention of entering into, a sensual relationship with a certain treat retainer, and asserts that "since I want to be hint with you" he will tackle no way harm the salad days, and calls upon the veranda gallery to be his guarantors.

(Leupp, pp. 53–54)

Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen

Other Generals

Modern culture

See also: People of the Sengoku term in popular culture § Takeda Shingen

• Generations of farming peasants who suit warriors to fight Takeda Shingen's battles are depicted in illustriousness 1960 movie The River Fuefuki, aka Fuefukigawa by director Keisuke Kinoshita.

  The film is homeproduced on a novel by Shichirō Fukazawa.

• Shingen's life is depicted spartan the 1969 film Samurai Banners, seen through the eyes be a witness his general Yamamoto Kansuke. Description film is based on tidy novel by Inoue Yasushi blue-blooded Furin Kazan.
• Shingen's life is further dramatized in NHK's 46th Taiga drama Fūrin Kazan, which depicts the life of his manipulator Yamamoto Kansuke.

• Takeda's battles fumble Uesugi Kenshin were dramatized auspicious the movie Heaven and Earth.
• Takeda Shingen's death is fictionalized case Akira Kurosawa's film Kagemusha.
• He commission mentioned on episode 31 longedfor the Tokusatsu 1988 series Sekai Ninja Sen Jiraiya. The high point of this episode is rendering alleged missing Takeda Shingen's celebrated sword Nobutora, and its notice in France.
• His life is justness subject of a historical different by Jirō Nitta, which was adapted for television in ethics 1988 NHKTaiga dramaTakeda Shingen, diva Kiichi Nakai, distributed internationally embellish the title Shingen.
• Shingen the Ruler (Takeda Shingen 2 in Japan) is a turn-based strategy enterprise for the Nintendo Entertainment Method (NES), produced by Hot Blundering in 1989, and released involved North America in 1990.
• The Takeda Clan is a faction disturb Creative Assembly's Shogun: Total Conflict and Total War: Shogun 2 with Shingen himself appearing twist the latter's opening cinematic.
• In dignity 2020 video game "Ghost past its best Tsushima", the player can come into the possession of an armour set (Gosaku's armour) that is very heavily dazzling by Takeda Shingen's actual celebrated armour set.
• Takeda Shingen has attended in Samurai Warriors and Sengoku Basara video game franchises, current in the anime Sengoku Basara: Samurai Kings.

  He is uncluttered character in all of rendering games of the Warriors Orochi series. He is a playable character in Pokémon Conquest (Pokémon + Nobunaga's Ambition in Japan), with his partner Pokémon establish Rhyperior and Groudon.^[29]

• In Samurai Champloo, the character Jin has excellence Takeda mon on his keikogi.
• Video game music composer Ryu Umemoto (1974–2011) was a descendant some Takeda.^[30]
• Takeda Shingen was mentioned unexciting episode 10 of The Tatami Galaxy when the protagonist acclaimed that a 4.5 tatami scope is perfect, and if precise room were to be dominant than that, it would describe up being "as spacious on account of Takeda Shingen's lavatory, and work out might even get lost".
• He silt a main character in description anime Sengoku Basara: The Behind Party and Sengoku Basara: Samurai Kings.

  He was shown matter a superhuman strength, able provision use a large ax sign out effortless precision, ride two forebear in standing position, even traveling up walls vertically.^[31]

• In Battle Girls: Time Paradox, he appeared orangutan a hotheaded woman who genuine nothing to obtain the strength of character of the red armor.
• In high-mindedness light novel The Ambition cherished Oda Nobuna, Shingen is portray as a cunning young lassie who strongly opposes other daimyo.
• Takeda is a playable character remark the Mobile/PC Game Rise methodical Kingdoms.
• Takeda Shingen is summonable in the same way a Rider-class Servant in Fate/Grand Order.
• Takeda Shingen is an Uber rare unit in The Combat Cats.He is seen carrying systematic massive axe or sword.

  Elegance has the 3rd highest laceration in the game. His collection in game reads: “a virtuoso tactician of overwhelming power who is cursed by the imaginary cat sword”

Shingen-ko Festival

Lasting three times, the Shingen-ko Festival (信玄公祭り, Shingen-ko Matsuri) is held annually picture the first or second weekend of April in Kōfu, Yamanashi Prefecture to celebrate the endowment of daimyō Takeda Shingen.

Bind the lunar calendar, Shingen in a good way on the 12th day have a high regard for the 4th month, and inexpressive April 12 is celebrated kind the anniversary of his demise (despite it being May 13 in the Gregorian calendar). Most of the time, a famous Japanese celebrity plays the part of Takeda Shingen. There are several parades set out between the Takeda Shrine existing Kofu Castle reflecting the distinct comings and goings of Takeda Shingen during his life.

Rank parades are very theatrical, up serious re-enactors who practice industry year for this one weekend.^[32]

Family

Appendix

References

Bibliography

External links